Risk and Return Analysis of Government Bonds in Indonesia: A Multifactor Model Approach

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Departement of Management, Faculty of Economics, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia

Abstract

Understanding the relationship between risk and government bond returns is crucial for assessing the influence of risk factors on bond returns. This study investigates the dynamics of risk-taking behavior and its impact on the performance of government bonds in Indonesia. Using monthly data spanning from January 2017 to December 2021, we employ a multifactor model with GARCH analysis technique to analyze the data. The findings reveal that risk exposure exerts a negative and significant effect on government bond returns in Indonesia, while market factors also negatively and significantly influence bond returns. Conversely, the joint stock performance exhibits a positive relationship and significantly impacts returns in Indonesia.

Keywords

Main Subjects


©2024 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)

1. Bauer, M. D., and Hamilton, J. D. (2018). Robust bond risk premia. The Review of Financial Studies, 31(2), pp. 399-448.
2. Blake, C. R., Elton, E. J., and Gruber, M. J. (1993). The Performance of Bond Mutual Funds. The Journal of Business, 66 (3), 371. https://doi.org/10.1086/296609
3. Carpenter, J. N., Lu, F., and Whitelaw, R. F. (2022). Government Bond Risk and Return in the US and China.
4. Conterius, S., Akimov, A., Su, J. J., and Roca, E. (2023). Do foreign investors have a positive impact on the domestic government bonds market? A panel pooled mean group approach. Economic Analysis and Policy, 77(71), pp. 863-875, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.12.031
5. Creal, D. D., and Wu, J. C. (2020). Bond Risk Premia in Consumption-Based Models. Quantitative Economics, 11(4), pp. 1461–1484. https://doi.org/10.3982/qe887
6. Daniel, K., Mota, L., Rottke, S., and Santos, T. (2020). The Cross-Section of Risk and Returns. Review of Financial Studies, 33 (5), pp. 1927–1979. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhaa021
7. Fan, J., Ke, Y., and Liao, Y. (2021). Augmented Factor Models with Applications to Validate Market Risk Factors and Forecasting Bond Risk Premia. Journal of Econometrics, 222(1), pp. 269–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.07.002
8. Fama, E. F., and French, K. R. (1992). The cross‐section of expected stock returns. the Journal of Finance, 47(2), pp. 427-465. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1992.tb04398.x
9. Febi, W., Schäfer, D., Stephan, A., and Sun, C. (2018). The Impact of Liquidity Risk on the Yield Spread of Green Bonds. Finance Research Letters, 27(9), pp. 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2018.02.025
10. Feldhütter, P., Heyerdahl-Larsen, C., and Illeditsch, P. (2018). Risk premia and volatilities in a nonlinear term structure model. Review of Finance, 22(1), pp. 337-380. https://doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfw052
11. Ferson, W., Henry, T. R., and Kisgen, D. J. (2006). Evaluating government bond fund performance with stochastic discount factors. Review of Financial Studies, 19(2), pp. 423–455. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhj015
12. Haddad, V., and Sraer, D. (2020). The Banking View of Bond Risk Premium. Journal of Finance, 75(5), pp. 2465–2502. https://doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12949
13. Kim, D., Li, C., and Wang, X. (2021). Risk-Taking and Performance of Government Bond Mutual Funds. International Review of Financial Analysis, 76(11), A. 101780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2021.101780
14. Korn, O., and Koziol, C. (2006). Bond Portfolio Optimization A Risk: Return Approach. Journal of Fixed Income. 15(4), pp. 48-60. https://doi.org/10.3905/jfi.2006.627839
15. Martin, B., and Swanson, A. (2022). A Markowitz‐based alternative model: Hedging market shocks under endowment constraints. Review of Financial Economics, 40(4), pp. 335-347. https://doi.org/10.1002/rfe.1147
16. Nitschka, T. (2018). Bond Market Ride of Time Variation in Exposures to Global Risk Factors and The Role of US Monetary Policy. Journal of International Money and Finance, 83(3), pp. 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2018.02.002
17. Ouyang, T., and Lu, X. (2021). Risk Evaluation on China Government Bonds with EWMAVaR and SVM Methods. Security and Communication Networks. pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9617933
18. Pasricha, P., Selvamuthu, D., D’Amico, G., and Manca, R. (2020). Portfolio optimization of credit risky bonds: a semi-Markov process approach. Financial Innovation, 6, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-020-00186-1
19. Pratama, Y. Y., Andriana, I., and Umrie, H. R. H. (2020). The Analysis of Optimal Stock-Bond Portfolio Strategy: Empirical Study in LQ 45 Index Companies and Government Bonds Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Sriwijaya, 18(3), pp. 145-160. https://doi.org/10.29259/jmbs.v18i3.12642
20. Shida, J (2023). Primary market demand for German government bonds. Journal of International Money and Finance. 137(33), A. 102909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2023.102909
CAPTCHA Image